The flu vaccine is a preventive measure that helps protect against influenza, a highly contagious respiratory illness caused by the flu virus. The vaccine is typically administered in the form of a shot or nasal spray and is recommended for people of all ages, especially those who are at higher risk of complications from the flu, such as young children, older adults, and individuals with certain underlying medical conditions. Getting the flu vaccine can reduce the risk of getting sick with the flu, lessen the severity of symptoms if you do get sick, and prevent the spread of the virus to others.
A recent University of Calgary study indicates that the annual flu vaccine lowers the risk of stroke.
According to researchers from the University of Calgary, the flu vaccine can lower the risk of stroke in adults, even if they are not at high risk for stroke. A team of investigators conducted a study by reviewing the health records of more than 4 million Albertans over a period of nine years. The study results suggest that influenza vaccination should be strongly recommended for everyone, similar to how it is already recommended for individuals with heart disease.
"The flu shot is known to reduce the risk of heart attack and hospitalization for people with heart disease. We wanted to find out whether the vaccine has the same protective qualities for those at risk of stroke," says Dr. Michael Hill, MD, a researcher at the Cumming School of Medicine (CSM) and principal investigator on the study. "Our findings show the risk of stroke is lower among people who have recently received a flu shot. This was true for all adults, not just those at high risk of having a stroke."
The data for the study was obtained from the Alberta Health Care Insurance Plan. Researchers took into account various factors such as age, use of anticoagulants, and risk factors including chronic health conditions in their analysis.
"We found that the risk of stroke was significantly reduced in the six months following an influenza vaccination.," says Dr. Jessalyn Holodinsky, Ph.D., a postdoctoral scholar at the CSM and first author of the study. "The findings suggest broad influenza vaccination may be a viable public health strategy to prevent stroke."
The study was recently published in The Lancet Public Health. The researchers say two strengths of this study are that the study used data from an entire population over a period of 10 flu seasons, and the study occurred in a province with one single universal healthcare system.
Hill says the generalized benefit of influenza vaccination for stroke prevention is a new finding that he hopes will lead to more research about the indirect protective factors of the flu and other vaccines.
"We know that upper respiratory infections often precede heart attacks and strokes. Preventing or reducing the severity of influenza provides a protective factor, particularly for stroke," says Hill. "The protective association was very strong. We saw it benefitted both men and women and that there was a clear reduction in risk of stroke with increasing age for those who had a flu shot."
Reference: "Association between influenza vaccination and risk of stroke in Alberta, Canada: a population-based study" by Jessalyn K Holodinsky, Ph.D., Charlotte Zerna, Ph.D., Shaun Malo, MSc, Lawrence W Svenson, Ph.D. and Professor Michael D Hill, MD, 1 November 2022, The Lancet Public Health.
DOI: 10.1016/S2468-2667(22)00222-5
The study adds to the body of research conducted by the Calgary Stroke Program, a collaboration between the University of Calgary (Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences) and Alberta Health Services at the Foothills Medical Centre.
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