Myths vs. Facts: Making Sense of COVID-19 Vaccine Misinformation | The Brink

Hepatitis B Vaccine: What You Need To Know

Jane Yoon Scott, MD, is an infectious disease physician and an assistant professor of medicine at Emory University in Atlanta. Dr. Scott enjoys connecting with her patients, empowering them to understand and take ownership of their health, and encouraging them to ask questions so that they can make informed and thoughtful decisions.

She graduated with the highest honors from the Georgia Institute of Technology, then received her MD from the Medical College of Georgia. She completed her internal medicine residency training and chief residency at Temple University Hospital, as well as a fellowship in infectious diseases at Emory University. She is board-certified in both internal medicine and infectious diseases.

When she is not seeing patients, Dr. Scott works with neighboring health departments to promote public health, especially to communities that have been historically underserved. She also teaches medical trainees and lectures medical students at the Emory University School of Medicine.

In her free time, Dr. Scott appreciates a good coffee shop, weekend hikes, playing guitar, strolling through cities, sampling restaurants, and traveling to new places.

Engerix-b

Administer Engerix-B by intramuscular injection. The preferred administration site is the anterolateral aspect of the thigh for infants younger than 1 year and the deltoid muscle in older children and adults. Do not administer Engerix-B in the gluteal region; may result in suboptimal response.

Engerix-B may be given subcutaneously to persons at risk of hemorrhage (eg, hemophiliacs). However, hepatitis B vaccines given subcutaneously are known to result in a lower antibody response. Additionally, when other aluminum-adsorbed vaccines have been administered subcutaneously, an increased incidence of local reactions including subcutaneous nodules has been observed. Therefore, subcutaneous administration should be used only in persons who are at risk of hemorrhage with intramuscular injections.

Do not administer this product intravenously or intradermally.

'Made In Chandigarh' Technology To Bring Down Prices Of Insulin And Hepatitis B Vaccine

If everything at the Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh goes as planned, you can expect a heavy drop up to three times in prices of insulin and hepatitis B vaccines. The scientists at the centre have developed indigenous technology to produce protein based medicines like insulin, streptokinase (clot buster) and the hepatitis B vaccine.

Presently India has to depend on patented technology of the foreign countries to produce insulin, streptokinase and hepatitis B etc. With 66 million diabetics and 40 million hepatitis B patients in the country, this will be a major reliever for many.

Pichia is the vector that is currently used in insulin.

"Because Pichia is patented, Indian biotech companies have to pay the inventor, which adds to the cost of the vaccine. Thus, we felt the need to develop new expression systems," Dr Jagmohan Singh, chief scientist at IMTECH whose team developed India's first expression vector for therapeutic proteins, told the Economic Times.

Pichia vector is generally licensed for commercial research for $50,000 with annual maintenance fee of $5000 to $30,000. In case the product is commercialized, the fee is $75,000 plus royalty ranging between 3% and 5%.

The present cost of hepatitis B vaccine in India ranges between Rs 45 (Serum Institute) and Rs 250 per paediatric dose of 10 microgram in 0.5 ml, according to the news report. The cost of adult dose of 20 microgram is nearly double. The normal regimen of vaccination involves three such injections. For insulin, the price varies from Rs 140 to Rs 325 per injection. The slow release variant of insulin called Glargine costs between Rs 410 and Rs 1,475 for a 10 ml vial.

"So far we have expressed hepatitis B vaccine at laboratory scale level in fission yeast. Once the production is scaled up, the production cost is estimated to be around Re 1 per dose, while the lowest production cost reported for Pichia-based system is Rs. 4 per dose and the lowest MRP in market is Rs 45/- dose. Even this is beyond the reach of people below poverty line. Thus, there is scope to bring the commercial price of hepatitis B vaccine further down. Once the proof-of-concept stage is complete, we will undertake expression of other proteins like insulin, antibodies in fission yeast," Virendra Singh, department of hepatology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, told the ET.

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