live vaccines :: Article CreatorHow Can Drones Deliver Life-Saving Vaccines In The Philippines?
The M300 Cargo Drone, which was used to deliver vaccines in the Philippines.
Heidi Sampang
Drone operators, led by a doctor, are expanding the use of drones to delivering vaccines in the Philippines.
Over 60 million people in the Philippines live in rural areas, with many having limited access to vaccines.
Heidi Sampang, a medical doctor, managing director of Philippines Flying Labs and country program manager for Remote Area Medical, says the team delivered medicines and COVID-19 vaccines in two areas: an inter-island delivery in the province of Tawi-Tawi; and the mountainous terrain of Agusan Del Sur in Mindinao.
"We were successful in showing that using drones is an efficient, accurate, and safe way of service delivery in these islands and mountain communities at a five kilometer distance," she says, adding that they are the first organization to carry out medical drone deliveries in the country, with the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP) granting beyond visual line of sight permissions for drone deliveries.
Sampang explains that as early as 2018, when Philippines Flying Labs was founded, the team wanted to use unmanned aerial vehicles to deliver these vital medical supplies in remote areas and decided on a retrofitted DJI M300 as a cargo drone.
"The cost of the project and the lack of technical people/pilots in these communities can limit the implementation of these services in these areas," she says, "But if the technology becomes more affordable and easier to operate, there will be lots of remote communities can benefit from it (not just in the Philippines but globally)."
The team is now moving ahead to expand the project.
"Based on what we learned from our set up, we are getting a more durable drone with longer battery life, travel longer distances with good connectivity, heavier payload capacity and cheaper drone so we can reach more remote communities," she says, "This new drone that we are testing will be more lay person friendly where one person can operate it eliminating the need for a second pilot.
A vaccine delivery drones being tested in the field, in the Philippines.
HEIDI SAMPANG Solutions from The Philippines
Sampang grew up in a farm community in Central Luzon, Philippines and was admitted to the country's science high school, Philippine Science High School.
"I took Molecular Biology and Biotechnology for college but then I decided to pursue medical school because I wanted to help people get better," she says, adding that she did her pediatric residency in New York, USA and went on to private practice in Virginia, USA, for 15 years.
"I went back to the Philippines and established Remote Area Medical, where I bring medical volunteers to the remote areas of the Philippines (GIDCA, geographically isolated, disadvantaged, and conflict areas) in the Philippines," she says, "During these trips, I observed a shortage of medical supplies in these last-mile communities especially in the island and mountain communities because of the lack of roads."
Sampang says local people are crucial in investigating and addressing common issues affecting their communities because of their holistic understanding of the problem , cultural sensitivity and trustworthiness.
"While international expertise and perspectives can bring valuable insights and resources, a collaborative approach that includes and values the input of local experts is often more effective in creating sustainable solutions that resonate with the community's needs and aspirations," she says.
A vaccine delivery drones being tested in the field, in the Philippines.
Heidi Sampang Burkina Faso
On the other side of the world, Claudel Guiella, training coordinator at Burkina Faso Flying Labs in Africa's Sahel region, is leading a group of drone operators is making the surveying of land for irrigation and agriculture more accurate, quicker and cheaper.
He explains that agriculture based on a water management system is crucial to the socio-economic development of communities there.
"In 2023, we sought to exploit drone technology in the agricultural development sector, by working with the Projet de Développement Agricole de Soum, which has developed an irrigation scheme covering more than 1,000 ha in the village of Soum, benefiting more than 5,000 rural households," he says, adding that with conventional surveying techniques, engineers have to cover great distances, often dozens of miles on foot to survey points.
The drones, flying 360 feet above the ground, measured the physical or natural features of the land with under two inches of absolute accuracy, ending up with an accurate result, an 80% saving on the usual budget allocation and quicker delivery than conventional techniques.
How Vaccines That Help People Live In Space Might Be Useful For Those On Earth Too
Travelling by plane isn't always easy on the body. And neither is space travel. Astronauts often experience atrophy, the loss of bone and muscle, during their months living in space's zero gravity.
People on Earth also tend to see their bones and muscles weaken as they age, increasing risk of injuries from falls.
Companies like Elon Musk's SpaceX and Jeff Bezos' Blue Origin are working to open space travel for more people. And figuring out how to reduce atrophy – a condition that affects space explorers as well as senior citizens on Earth – is on the mind of scientists.
At the University of Central Florida (UCF) in Orlando, researchers have received state funding to collaborate with biotech company Vaxxinity, which moved its headquarters from Texas to Cape Canaveral in Florida last year, to develop vaccines that can prevent and mitigate muscle and bone weakening, a common health problem for people experiencing long-term spaceflight – and ageing seniors.
The funding for space medicine research is in line with UCF's roots – the public university opened in 1968 to support the US growing space programme – and will help researchers develop studies to assess the effects of Vaxxinity's immunotherapies on proteins in the body that could affect bone and muscle growth.
The goal? Create a vaccine that can help reduce muscle loss or help regain it in case of injury, immobility or space travel. This vaccine could help people on Earth and in space live a better and healthier life as they age, according to Dr Melanie Coathup and Dr Michal Masternak, professors who work in UCF's College of Medicine and involved in the collaboration.
If all goes well, human clinical trials for the vaccines could begin as early as 2025, said Lou Reese, co-founder and executive chairman of Vaxxinity, who is also a self-proclaimed "space dork."
"UCF was born as a university to support the space programme, and the College of Medicine is continuing that mission, working to bring back to Earth the secrets that space medicine research can reveal," Dr Deborah German, vice-president for health affairs and dean of UCF's College of Medicine, said in a statement. "We look forward to collaborating with Vaxxinity on this research and applying their unique technology to benefit the aging population on our planet and future space travellers."
Cosmonaut Konstantin Borisov (left) and astronaut Satoshi Furukawa wave to loved ones on departure from the Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building to board the SpaceX Dragon spacecraft for the Crew-7 mission launch. — JOEL KOWSKY/Nasa/Planet Pix via ZUMA Press Wire/dpa
Living longer
Research into how people can live longer and healthier lives as they age is becoming more important in the United States, which is expected to see its population of people 85 and older triple by 2060.
Healthy ageing research is also key to Florida's future, which has more than 5.5 million residents 60 and older, outnumbering the senior population of 20 other states combined, according to Florida's Department of Elder Affairs.
Florida is second to California in people 60 and older. By 2045, Florida is projected to have more than 8.4 million older adults, or more than 30% of the state's population, according to the department's 2022-2025 state plan on ageing.
It's not surprising that a vaccine to help astronauts and seniors drew Florida's interest. Besides Florida's large population of aging seniors, the Sunshine State also has a tourism-driven economy, which includes Mickey Mouse, beaches and space.
Florida is home to The National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (Nasa) Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, which every year sees more than 1.5 million visitors. People visit the centre to learn more about space exploration, and if they're lucky, see a rocket launch, too.
One Thursday afternoon, SpaceX launched a private astronaut mission from Cape Canaveral to the International Space Station. The mission is the third one organised by Houston company Axiom Space, and carried Axiom's first all-European crew, including Turkey's first astronaut Alper Gezeravcı, Space.Com reported.
A vaccine to help stop or reduce the deterioration of bone and muscle could also help further space exploration, too.
"It opens up a whole new opportunity for thinking and trying to work out what solutions can come from this... And trying to learn as well because what happens in that extreme environment (space) is so different to what happens in Earth," Coathup said.
"We mentioned deep space exploration to Mars and a lot of people think, 'Oh, it's not possible.' Well you know, at the moment, I guess it isn't. But for me, there's an excitement to actually make that possible. What can we do? What are the barriers? And how can we potentially get through them?"
Companies like Elon Musk's SpaceX and Jeff Bezos' Blue Origin are working to open space travel for more people.
Back to the moon
Nasa is planning to send astronauts back to the moon, a mission planned for 2025. And if the US wants to do longer space missions, such as to Mars, finding ways to reduce bone and muscle deterioration will be key in reducing some of the health strains of space, Masternak said.
"There's a lot of excitement from many people working in this sector in order to develop new discoveries that will push health for astronauts but also like we're saying we'll be able to deliver new discoveries for people on Earth as well," Coathup said.
Astronauts exercise for an average of two hours a day to reduce the bone and muscle deterioration caused by zero gravity, according to Nasa. Without the exercise, the space agency says astronauts wouldn't be able to walk or stand up when they return to Earth months later.
A recent 2022 study of bone loss in 17 astronauts who flew aboard the International Space Station, with missions ranging from four to seven months, found that the astronauts experienced "significant bone loss" during six-month spaceflights. The astronauts exhibited 2.1% reduced bone mineral density in the tibia, one of the bones of the lower leg, and 1.3% reduced bone strength.
Reese, Vaxxinity's executive chairman, said the company wants to help "humanity prepare for the next millennia," and that this vaccine research is just part of the puzzle.
"If humanity is to become a space-faring species, solving fundamental problems related to space travel and living are table-stakes," Reese said.
"Vaxxinity is all-in on developing and commercialising these solutions, and working with the State of Florida and UCF, collectively, we strive to promote both healthy ageing and ensure humanity can become multi-planetary, brave low gravity exposure, and be of the stars," Reese said.
"The support for this research from the State of Florida exemplifies a commitment to pioneering solutions in the fields of space travel, as well as longevity and age-related diseases." – Miami Herald/ Tribune News Service
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Historic Data: 2018-2022 Base Year: 2023 Forecast Period: 2024 to 2032 Representation of Market Revenue in USD Million
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